Recipes For Happiness

The foods we eat give us the nutrients necessary for good health. Our body runs on biochemical machinery (like the engine of a car) which requires the right fuel for optimal function. The neurotransmitters in our brain that contribute to our well-being and happiness require the right nutrient raw materials for their synthesis and conversion to help us stay happy, calm, and motivated to live our best lives.

We’ve gathered some recipes for happiness that have all the right nutrients to support these neurotransmitters and keep you fueled for wellness and success!

serotonin

Serotonin contributes to well-being and happiness, and helps with sleep cycles and digestive system regulation. Serotonin is made from the amino acid tryptophan, which can be found in high amounts in chia seeds, whole milk, sesame seeds, yogurt, pumpkin seeds, prunes, spirulina, raw cacao, wheat bread, and edamame beans.

Image source - Oh She Glows website

(Happy) health chia seed pudding:

https://ohsheglows.com/healthy-chocolate-chia-pudding/

*This recipe is made with chia seeds and cacao, which are both rich in tryptophan. Chia seeds have 202mg of tryptophan per ounce, and cacao has 18mg per ounce. Top with pumpkin seeds (121mg/oz) and sesame seeds (189mg/oz) for a tryptophan-packed snack when you need a serotonin boost!

dopamine

Dopamine is associated with feelings of pleasure and motivation; people tend to repeat behaviours that lead to dopamine release, so it is also associated with addiction. Dopamine is made from the amino acid tyrosine (which our bodies are able to make), but they require another amino acid - phenylalanine - in order to do so. Phenylalanine is an amino acid our bodies don’t make, so we need to obtain it through diet. Phenylalanine is found in high amounts in many high-protein animal products such as chicken, beef, eggs, fatty fish, dairy products, legumes, nuts, seeds, and spinach.

Image source - Against All Grain website

(dopamine-driven) healthy chicken parmesan

https://againstallgrain.com/2011/04/21/chicken-parmesan-with-spaghetti-squash/

*This recipe is made with chicken (1310mg of phenylalanine per 100g) and parmesan cheese (1870mg/100g). Add in some spinach and get ready to take on the day!

GABA

GABA is the calming neurotransmitter. GABA is made from the amino acid glutamate, which is excitatory and can actually increase feelings of anxiety. Vitamin B6 is necessary in the conversion of glutamate (excitatory) to GABA (calming) to help you maintain a relaxed and balanced mood.

Inage source - Nadia’s Healthy Kitchen website

crunchy (calm) pistachio bars

https://nadiashealthykitchen.com/5-ingredient-crunchy-pistachio-bars/

*This recipe is made with pistachios, which have 2.1mg per cup, which is the highest amount of Vitamin B6 per 100g - even compared to animal products. With a bit of serotonin-promoting chocolate, this is a happy snack!

Happy, healthy eating!

Dr. Jacalyn Sieben, ND

resources:

1. Mosconi, L. (2018). Brain Food.

2. https://ohsheglows.com/healthy-chocolate-chia-pudding/

3. https://againstallgrain.com/2011/04/21/chicken-parmesan-with-spaghetti-squash/

4. https://nadiashealthykitchen.com/5-ingredient-crunchy-pistachio-bars/

Don’t Settle For Just “Getting By”

understanding and addressing depression

Now that spring is well on its way, is your mood picking up? If you’re still feeling the “blahs” – low energy, persistent sadness, changes in appetite or sleep patterns, and a loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed – this might be more than the winter blues.

While Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a well-known culprit for winter blues, it’s crucial not to overlook other underlying issues that may contribute to depressive symptoms. Booking an appointment with your ND can provide valuable insights into your mental and physical well-being. During your visit, we can explore various factors contributing to depression, including hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, lifestyle habits, and environmental stressors.

By taking a comprehensive approach, we can tailor a treatment plan to address your unique needs. This may include a combination of dietary adjustments, supplementation, herbal remedies, lifestyle modifications, and acupuncture. Additionally, we will work collaboratively with you to uncover any potential root causes and develop strategies for long-term wellness.

Here a few tips to consider as we hop into spring…

Protein

Foods that are rich in protein contain amino acids that help produce neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin. If your protein intake is low, you may experience low mood. Most adults require 1g of protein per kilogram of body weight. Fortunately, it is easy to increase your protein intake – here are some easy ideas to snack on:

• A handful of unsalted almonds, walnuts, and/or pecans

• A hard-boiled egg

• No-bake energy balls

• An apple with 2 tbsp nut butter of your choice

• Sausage sticks or jerky (aim for ones with no fillers)

• Edamame

Mediterranean Diet

The Mediterranean Diet is a diet high in fish, legumes, whole grains, vegetables, fruits, seeds, and olive oil. It is low in high fat meats and dairy products. Following the Mediterranean Diet has been shown to be protective against depression at all ages throughout a person’s lifespan. For more information, check out our past blog post.

Exercise

Adults (including seniors) should get at least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week[i]. Think that’s a stretch? Here are some ways to incorporate more movement into your day:

• Do squats or lunges while you brush your teeth

• Park farther away from stores or work

• Take the stairs

• Spontaneous dancing (at home OR in public 😊)

• Deep clean something

• Get up and move your body during commercial breaks – marching in place, jumping jacks, walking lunges across the room…be creative!

Sunshine

Exposure to sunlight increases serotonin levels in the brain. While you may be taking a Vitamin D supplement to keep your levels up, being in the sunshine is the best source of natural Vitamin D[ii]. In order to optimize your exposure, we recommend spending anywhere between 5-30 minutes each day outside[iii] – and while you’re out there, why don’t you get in that little extra bit of exercise and take a walk around the block?

Did you know that Vitamin D is not typically tested when you have bloodwork completed by your physician? Many people may be deficient in this important vitamin and not even know it. If this is something you are concerned about or would like to know more, bring it up with your naturopathic doctor - it may be worth investigating!

Don’t forget…

You don’t have to navigate depression alone. Your mental health matters every day and every season of the year.

[i] https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/physical-activity-tips-adults-18-64-years.html

[ii] Raymond-Lezman JR, Riskin SI. Benefits and Risks of Sun Exposure to Maintain Adequate Vitamin D Levels. Cureus. 2023 May 5;15(5):e38578. doi: 10.7759/cureus.38578. PMID: 37284402; PMCID: PMC10239563.

[iii] Srivastava SB. Vitamin D: Do We Need More Than Sunshine? Am J Lifestyle Med. 2021 Apr 3;15(4):397-401. doi: 10.1177/15598276211005689. PMID: 34366736; PMCID: PMC8299926.

Probiotics, Your Microbiome and Your Mood

Have you ever noticed that what you eat impacts your mood? Have you felt worse after binging on junk food or after a night of drinking? There is compelling research suggesting that it may not be just the guilt talking - your microbiome may be contributing in a large way to the conversation.  

What is the microbiome?  

There are 10- to 100-trillion symbiotic microbes of various species existing in and around the human body, collectively referred to as the microbiome [1]. These friendly microbes outnumber your own human cells and have recently become popularized for the growing body of evidence detailing the vast impacts they have on human physiology and behaviour. 

The microbes in your intestines make vitamins, amino acids, hormones, neurotransmitters and other signaling molecules that impact the way your brain and body function [2], [3]. They also produce short-chain fatty acids as byproducts that your intestinal cells use for energy, which contributes to healthy gut function [3].  

These microbes live in our digestive tract and survive off the foods that we eat. Just like any other living organism, their health (and therefore ours) depends on consuming a healthy diet. It has been shown that dietary changes (e.g. from animal-based to plant-based), as well as any significant systemic stress and inflammation can alter the composition (i.e. diversity and abundance of species) of your microbiome within just 24 hours [3].  

Altered microbiome composition has been associated with many conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune arthritis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis [3]. This is not surprising given the significant role these organisms have in regulating metabolism and immunity. In fact, researchers are finding that the microbiome composition in a given disease seem to have a different complement of microbes associated with it. For example, an IBD microbiome has less diversity (fewer species of healthy microbes), and lower numbers of good bacterial species. Therefore, it has lower short-chain fatty acid production [3]. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are essential to the health of your intestinal cells and are also thought to be anti-inflammatory in the gut [3]. 

The Microbiome’s Effect on Mood & Behaviour  

Gut microbes relay messages to the brain via various direct and indirect mechanisms - bacterial metabolites, metabolic precursors, immune signalling, vagus nerve signalling, and Hypothalamic Pituitary-Adrenal axis activation [4], [5]. It is through these mechanisms that neurodevelopment or neurodegeneration are influenced [5]. A significant portion of the microbiome influence on the brain comes via the gut-brain axis: a bi-directional pathway connecting the nervous system in your digestive tract to the central nervous system (your brain) [4], [5]. As shown in the graphic below, your gut and your brain communicate directly via nerves that transmit different signals and molecules, which can have a profound effect both ways to both systems [6].

Photo credit: https://fhs.mcmaster.ca/forsythe-lab/microbiota_gut_brain_axis.html 

Considering the gut-brain axis and the physical manifestations that different microbiome composition can produce, it should be no surprise that there are mental/emotional implications as well. Many psychiatric and neurological pathologies have gastrointestinal co-morbidities, including schizophrenia, autism, neurodegenerative diseases, anxiety, and depression [7]. As noted above, different pathologies have different microbiome composition. This extends to mood and neurodegenerative disorders, such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and autism spectrum disorder [2], [5], [8]. There is also data suggesting that alterations in the microbiome from addictions (e.g. alcohol, cocaine) may be associated with substance cravings and increased risk of developing associated psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression [9], [10]. 

Probiotics & Your Mood 

Probiotics are supplements that contain healthy microbes that ,when ingested, influence the health of your microbiome. Probiotics used to benefit mood and cognition have been coined “psychobiotics,” and are a burgeoning new area of interest in research. A study by Tillisch et al. used brain scans (functional magnetic resonance imaging) to demonstrate the ability of probiotics to alter brain activity in areas associated with processing emotion and sensation, and to reduce negative thinking associated with sad mood [4], [7], [11], [12]. While most studies indicate that further research in this area is needed, associations between specific strains of microbial species and their benefits on various conditions are rapidly emerging [7], [13][14]. A recent human clinical trial of adjunctive probiotic intervention for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) showed that compared with placebo, probiotic intervention exhibited greater improvement in depressive symptoms [15]. Participants who received the probiotic intervention experienced reductions in both depression and anxiety, and the probiotics were well-tolerated, prompting the authors to suggest probiotics as an acceptable adjunctive intervention for adults with MDD [15]. 

How Can I Support My Microbiome? 

Lifestyle 

A healthy lifestyle goes a long way in supporting your microbiome, and healthy eating is just one part of it. As mentioned earlier, dietary changes, significant systemic stress, and inflammation can alter your microbiome within just 24 hours. There are many different types of stress - physical, mental and emotional - that can lead to physiologic changes that can alter the microbiome. Practicing stress management through self-care, meditation, social connection, thoughtful schedule planning, getting adequate sleep, and setting appropriate boundaries with people and responsibilities will help you be more resilient in dealing with stress. The better you are at managing stress, the less likely it will spill over into added physical or mood-related symptoms.  

Digestive Supports 

Probiotics are a great start to improving your gut health and mood, though quality and potency matter!  Our naturopathic doctors are here to assess if and which type of probiotics are most suitable for you, as well as to review if any further testing or treatments are indicated to optimize your digestive and mental health.  

We are here to help, so reach out if you are looking for professional guidance! 

In Health,  

Dr. Jacalyn Sieben, ND 

[1] Ursell, L.K. et al. (2012). Defining the human microbiome. Nutrition Reviews. Vol. 70 (Suppl. 1):S38- S44. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00493.x

[2] Dinan, T.G. & Cryan, J.F. Mood by microbe: Towards clinical translation. Genome Medicine. 8:36. DOI  10.1186/s13073-016-0292-1

[3] Corfe, B.M. et al. (2015). The multifactorial interplay of diet, the microbiome, and appetite control:  current knowledge and future challenges. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 74, 235-244.  doi:10.1017/S0029665114001670

[4] Dinan, T.G., Stilling, R.M., Stanton, C., Cryan, J.F. (2015). Collective unconscious: How gut microbes shape human behavior. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 63:1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jpsychires.2015.02.021

[5] Sharon, G. et al. (2016). The central nervous system and the gut microbiome. Cell. 167. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.027

[6] McMaster University. (2019). The microbiota-gut-brain axis. [Digital Image] Retrieved from: https:// fhs.mcmaster.ca/forsythe-lab/microbiota_gut_brain_axis.html

[7] Sampson, T.R. & Mazmanian, S.K. (2015). Control of brain development, function, and behavior by the microbiome. Cell Host & Microbe. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2015.04.011

[8] Jiang, H. et al. (2015). Altered fecal microbiota composition in patients with major depressive disorder. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 48:186-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2015.03.016

[9] Hillemacher, T., et al. (2018). Alcohol, microbiome, and their effect on psychiatric disorders. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. Volume 85, Pages 105-115. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.04.015

[10] Kiraly, D.D. et al. (2016). Alterations of the host microbiome affect behavioral responses to cocaine. Scientific Reports. 6:35455. DOI: 10.1038/srep35455

[11] Rea, K., Dinan, T.G., Cryan, J.F. (2016). The microbiome: A key regulator of stress and neuroinflammation. Neurobiology of Stress. 23-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.03.001

[12] Tillisch, K., Labus, J., Kilpatrick, L., Jiang, Z., Stains, J., Ebrat, B., Guyonnet, D., Legrain-Raspaud, S., Trotin, B., Naliboff, B., et al. (2013). Consumption of fermented milk product with probiotic modulates brain activity. Gastroenter- ology 144, 1394–1401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2013.02.043

[13] Foster, J.A., Rinaman, L., & Cryan, J.F. (2017). Stress & the gut-brain axis: Regulation by the microbiome. Neurobiology of Stress. 124-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.03.0 01

[14] Sarkar, A. et al. (2016). Psychobiotics and the manipulation of bacteria-gut-brain signals. Trends in Neurosciences. Vol 39, No. 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2016.09.002

[15] Nikolova VL, Cleare AJ, Young AH, Stone JM. (2023). Acceptability, Tolerability, and Estimates of Putative Treatment Effects of Probiotics as Adjunctive Treatment in Patients with Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1817

Calm for the Holidays

The most wonderful time of the year can also be the most stressful time of the year. So many expectations, events to attend, planning and preparation, and all the costs associated can all add up and put a damper on the Christmas spirit. The less talked about cost of the Christmas season, is the toll it can put on your mental health. Here are a few tips to help you get through the holidays!

✴ Breathe. All the pressure and stress of planning can be overwhelming, which can cause feelings of anxiety. Deep breathing exercises and meditation can help to bring us back into the present moment, and calm the ‘monkey brain’ when we are overthinking. There are apps for your phone (eg. Calm, Headspace, Buddhify, etc) that  will guide you through meditation and breathing exercises if you need a little guidance, or you can practice Box Breathing - inhale for 4 seconds, hold for 4 seconds, exhale for 4 seconds, hold for 4 seconds, repeat.

✴ Set boundaries. Set boundaries early and stick to them! It can be easy to get swept up in the holidays and get overly generous with our time, event attendance, gift giving, hosting, etc., which can deplete our energy, time, and resources. Get clear on what your capacity is and then set firm limits and boundaries so that you aren’t needing a holiday to recover from the holiday season.

✴ Simplify. Look for ways to streamline your holiday tasks - online shop, use a grocery delivery service, opt out of less meaningful gift exchanges and events, etc. Reducing your task list of errands and unnecessary engagements will leave you more time to spend with the people you care about or even to take some time for yourself. 

✴ Sleep. While it’s important to get proper rest all year round, the holidays can be extra busy with planning, and we often can let our bedtime creep up later and later to get it all done. Set a hard bedtime and stick to it. You’ll wake up more refreshed and be able to tackle the to-do-list more effectively tomorrow.

✴ Mind the sugar. Holiday treats are delicious and meant to be enjoyed, but overdoing it can take a toll on your energy, mood, skin, digestion, and waistline. Enjoy in moderation and opt for healthier substitutes of your favourite recipes when possible.

✴ Mind the alcohol. Holiday parties might mean you’ll be consuming a few more alcoholic beverages than average. We all are aware of the after effects of overconsumption, (which can be quite unpleasant) so do your best to practice moderation. Try switching for a glass of water between drinks to reduce your consumption naturally as well as to stay hydrated - you’ll thank yourself for it in the morning!

✴ Stay active. It can be tempting to let your exercise routine slide during the holidays but sticking with it can help you reduce stress and burn off the extra calories from those holiday feasts! This will leave you in a much better position, both physically and mentally when the holidays are over.

✴ Get outside. Walking outside in nature has been found to reduce blood pressure and the stress hormone, cortisol. If you’re going to hit the mall, why not take a walk around your neighborhood afterwards to destress.

✴ Practice Gratitude. While it is the season to be making lists of things we want, I would also invite you to make lists of gratitude for the things you already have. A roof over your head, food in the fridge, loving friends and family, etc., etc. There are so many ways in which we are fortunate that we take for granted every day. An attitude of gratitude can shift your perspective from lack to abundance, which is a much more pleasant and helpful state of mind to operate from. Challenge yourself to make a list of 10 things you’re grateful for each morning for the month of December and see how it changes your outlook by the New Year!

Above all, remember the reason for the season! The holidays should be about joy, connection, and making memories with the people you love.

Wishing you a happy + healthy holiday,

Jacalyn Sieben, ND

Is Melatonin Safe for Long-Term Use?

Does it prevent our body from making melatonin on its own? Are there withdrawal effects when you stop taking it? These are all great questions we are asked often. To answer them, let’s review what melatonin is, what it is used for, and what the research is saying.

What is melatonin?

Melatonin is a hormone that is produced in response to darkness by the pineal gland. It was once thought that its sole purpose was to regulate our internal circadian rhythm (our internal 24 hour clock) and aid in sleep[1]. However, we are now discovering it has roles far beyond this. We now know melatonin has anti-oxidant, anti-ageing, immunomodulating and anticancer properties as well[2]. Research suggests that melatonin may also play roles in our levels of human growth hormone[3] [4], eye health [5] [6], Gastroesophageal reflux disease (heartburn) treatment [7] [8] [9], anxiety prevention[10] [11], and the treatment (adjunctive) and prevention of cancers such as breast cancer[12] [13].

Here's what the research says:

To date, researchers appear to agree that supplementing melatonin (including doses up to 100mg/day) is well tolerated and is not typically associated with any serious adverse affects[14] [15]. The mild adverse effects that have been reported include drowsiness, headaches and dizziness and nausea[16]. Of these mild adverse effects, research suggests they either resolve spontaneously within a few days with no adjustment in melatonin, or immediately upon withdrawal of treatment[17]. Melatonin has not been found to be addictive in nature nor cause hangover symptoms[18], which is why it has been considered as a possible alternative to many sleep medications. In addition to this, research also suggests that the supplementation of melatonin does not interfere with the bodies internal production of melatonin once treatment has ceased[19] [20]. This makes sense when we consider that the half life (the time it takes for half of a drug to be cleared) of melatonin is only 1-2 hours depending on the formulation. This means that in 1-2 hours 50% of the melatonin will be removed from the body. Therefore, in 5 hours the amount of melatonin in the body is negligible and the body knows start producing a “new batch” of melatonin in the pineal gland as soon as you are exposed to light in the morning. Given that melatonin has a short half life, melatonin only targets sleep onset and not maintenance. Because of the short half life, we see so many prolonged release formulations of melatonin to slow down the absorption into the bloodstream to ensure the levels of melatonin are maintained in blood stream for a longer period to extend its sleep benefits. Prolonged release formulas allow you to maintain higher active levels of melatonin throughout the night if your goal with supplementing melatonin is to prevent nighttime waking.

But what about our more vulnerable populations such as children or elderly people?

In children, research suggests adverse effects of melatonin supplementation were few and mild[21]. Of these adverse effects, fatigue and somnolence were mentioned and were found to resolve with dose reduction. In addition, studies on pediatric populations looking at the long term effects of melatonin supplementation (two, three and four years on average) in doses of 2mg-10mg/day, found no notable long term effects on vitals signs or measures of child growth[22] [23]. In a two year long study assessing sleep, growth and puberty in children taking melatonin, a two week placebo period was implemented after treatment to assess withdrawal effects to which there were no apparent signs of withdrawals (mallow).

A 2022 review article discussing the safety of melatonin use in the elderly found that adverse effects were similar to those found in adult populations such as dizziness, nausea and headaches[24].However, there may be an increased risk of hypothermia if melatonin levels reach above normal physiologic levels as well as fractures in those who are at risk of falling due to the possibility of daytime sedation [25]. In regards to discontinuation, research suggests there is no evidence of withdrawal effects in populations 55 years and older[26].

It is important to note that the above research does not include individuals on medications or health concerns/diagnoses outside the parameters of each individual study. Therefore, it is important to discuss melatonin supplementation with your healthcare provider before taking.

In summary, it is SAFE to say melatonin is SAFE for those who are taking melatonin long term as recommended by their health care provider for one of the many clinical benefits we see with melatonin supplementation. 

[1] Ferracioli-Oda E, Qawasmi A, Bloch MH. Meta-analysis: melatonin for the treatment of primary sleep disorders. PLoS One. 2013 May 17;8(5):e63773. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063773. PMID: 23691095; PMCID: PMC3656905.

[2] Bhattacharya S, Patel KK, Dehari D, Agrawal AK, Singh S. Melatonin and its ubiquitous anticancer effects. Mol Cell Biochem. 2019 Dec;462(1-2):133-155. doi: 10.1007/s11010-019-03617-5. Epub 2019 Aug 26. PMID: 31451998.

[3] Forsling ML, Wheeler MJ, Williams AJ. The effect of melatonin administration on pituitary hormone secretion in man. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1999 Nov;51(5):637-42. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00820.x. PMID: 10594526.

[4] Valcavi R, Zini M, Maestroni GJ, Conti A, Portioli I. Melatonin stimulates growth hormone secretion through pathways other than the growth hormone-releasing hormone. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1993 Aug;39(2):193-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1993.tb01773.x. PMID: 8370132.

[5] Lundmark PO, Pandi-Perumal SR, Srinivasan V, Cardinali DP. Role of melatonin in the eye and ocular dysfunctions. Vis Neurosci. 2006 Nov-Dec;23(6):853-62. doi: 10.1017/S0952523806230189. PMID: 17266777.

[6] Yi C, Pan X, Yan H, Guo M, Pierpaoli W. Effects of melatonin in age-related macular degeneration. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Dec;1057:384-92. doi: 10.1196/annals.1356.029. PMID: 16399908.

[7] Pereira Rde S. Regression of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms using dietary supplementation with melatonin, vitamins and aminoacids: comparison with omeprazole. J Pineal Res. 2006 Oct;41(3):195-200. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2006.00359.x. PMID: 16948779.

[8] Kandil TS, Mousa AA, El-Gendy AA, Abbas AM. The potential therapeutic effect of melatonin in Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 2010 Jan 18;10:7. doi: 10.1186/1471-230X-10-7. PMID: 20082715; PMCID: PMC2821302.

[9] Pereira Rde S. Regression of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms using dietary supplementation with melatonin, vitamins and aminoacids: comparison with omeprazole. J Pineal Res. 2006 Oct;41(3):195-200. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2006.00359.x. PMID: 16948779.

[10] Khare A, Thada B, Jain N, Singh D, Singh M, Sethi SK. Comparison of Effects of Oral Melatonin with Oral Alprazolam used as a Premedicant in Adult Patients Undergoing Various Surgical Procedures under General Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study. Anesth Essays Res. 2018 Jul-Sep;12(3):657-662. doi: 10.4103/aer.AER_90_18. PMID: 30283171; PMCID: PMC6157235.

[11] Ghaeli P, Solduzian M, Vejdani S, Talasaz AH. Comparison of the Effects of Melatonin and Oxazepam on Anxiety Levels and Sleep Quality in Patients With ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Following Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Ann Pharmacother. 2018 Oct;52(10):949-955. doi: 10.1177/1060028018776608. Epub 2018 May 11. PMID: 29749262.

[12] Li Y, Li S, Zhou Y, Meng X, Zhang JJ, Xu DP, Li HB. Melatonin for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Oncotarget. 2017 Jun 13;8(24):39896-39921. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.16379. PMID: 28415828; PMCID: PMC5503661.

[13] Yang A, Peng F, Zhu L, Li X, Ou S, Huang Z, Wu S, Peng C, Liu P, Kong Y. Melatonin inhibits triple-negative breast cancer progression through the Lnc049808-FUNDC1 pathway. Cell Death Dis. 2021 Jul 16;12(8):712. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-04006-x. PMID: 34272359; PMCID: PMC8285388.

[14] Menczel Schrire Z, Phillips CL, Chapman JL, Duffy SL, Wong G, D'Rozario AL, Comas M, Raisin I, Saini B, Gordon CJ, McKinnon AC, Naismith SL, Marshall NS, Grunstein RR, Hoyos CM. Safety of higher doses of melatonin in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pineal Res. 2022 Mar;72(2):e12782. doi: 10.1111/jpi.12782. Epub 2021 Dec 30. PMID: 34923676.

[15] Andersen LP, Gögenur I, Rosenberg J, Reiter RJ. The Safety of Melatonin in Humans. Clin Drug Investig. 2016 Mar;36(3):169-75. doi: 10.1007/s40261-015-0368-5. PMID: 26692007.

[16] Savage RA, Zafar N, Yohannan S, et al. Melatonin. [Updated 2021 Aug 15]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534823/

[17] Besag FMC, Vasey MJ, Lao KSJ, Wong ICK. Adverse Events Associated with Melatonin for the Treatment of Primary or Secondary Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review. CNS Drugs. 2019 Dec;33(12):1167-1186. doi: 10.1007/s40263-019-00680-w. PMID: 31722088.

[18] Cardinali DP, Srinivasan V, Brzezinski A, Brown GM. Melatonin and its analogs in insomnia and depression. J Pineal Res. 2012 May;52(4):365-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2011.00962.x. Epub 2011 Sep 23. PMID: 21951153.

[19] Matsumoto M, Sack RL, Blood ML, Lewy AJ. The amplitude of endogenous melatonin production is not affected by melatonin treatment in humans. J Pineal Res. 1997 Jan;22(1):42-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.1997.tb00301.x. PMID: 9062869.

[20] Hack LM, Lockley SW, Arendt J, Skene DJ. The effects of low-dose 0.5-mg melatonin on the free-running circadian rhythms of blind subjects. J Biol Rhythms. 2003 Oct;18(5):420-9. doi: 10.1177/0748730403256796. PMID: 14582858.

[21] Maras A, Schroder CM, Malow BA, Findling RL, Breddy J, Nir T, Shahmoon S, Zisapel N, Gringras P. Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Pediatric Prolonged-Release Melatonin for Insomnia in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2018 Dec;28(10):699-710. doi: 10.1089/cap.2018.0020. Epub 2018 Oct 11. PMID: 30132686; PMCID: PMC6306655.

[22] Malow BA, Findling RL, Schroder CM, Maras A, Breddy J, Nir T, Zisapel N, Gringras P. Sleep, Growth, and Puberty After 2 Years of Prolonged-Release Melatonin in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021 Feb;60(2):252-261.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.12.007. Epub 2020 Jan 23. PMID: 31982581; PMCID: PMC8084705.

[23] Kennaway, D.J. (2015), Melatonin use in paediatrics. J Paediatr Child Health, 51: 584-589. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12840

[24] Zhdanova IV, Wurtman RJ, Regan MM, Taylor JA, Shi JP, Leclair OU. Melatonin treatment for age-related insomnia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Oct;86(10):4727-30. doi: 10.1210/jcem.86.10.7901. PMID: 11600532.

[25] Should Melatonin Be Used as a Sleeping Aid for Elderly People? Can J Hosp Pharm. 2019 Jul-Aug;72(4):327-329. Epub 2018 Aug 31. PMID: 31452545; PMCID: PMC6699865.

[26] Lemoine P, Nir T, Laudon M, Zisapel N. Prolonged-release melatonin improves sleep quality and morning alertness in insomnia patients aged 55 years and older and has no withdrawal effects. J Sleep Res. 2007 Dec;16(4):372-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2007.00613.x. PMID: 18036082.

Make Every Day Self-Care Day!

Our busy, modern lives can sometimes make it hard for us to tune into our body’s needs. Here are some of our favorite tips on how to keep balanced while keeping busy!

At home…

Get Outside

Being in nature has numerous mental and physical benefits. Nature therapy has gained popularity as a means to reduce stress and promote healing. Research has come to the same conclusion as nature therapy practices have been shown to reduce heart rate, blood pressure, and the stress hormone, cortisol, when compared to measurements in other environments. (1)

Connect With Loved Ones

It likely does not come as a surprise that social isolation is associated with increased risk for mental health problems–in particular, depression, anxiety, stress-related disorders, and anger. Try to make an active effort to spend time with people you love whether you are able to do so in person or via a virtual connection. (2)

Screen Time Breaks

While technology has improved our lives in an abundance of ways, there can be too much of a good thing. Studies show that increased screen time is associated with negative outcomes such as lowered self-esteem, increased incidence and severity of mental health issues and addictions, slowed learning and acquisition, and an increased risk of premature cognitive decline. Use your screen time wisely–in moderation and with intention. Consider setting time limits on your devices and cleaning up your follow lists on social media to make your social feeds more of a positive space to engage with. (3)

Balanced Nutrition

Enjoying a balanced variety of nutrient-rich, whole foods to fuel your body optimally helps to reduce inflammation and keep your blood sugar (and moods) stable. In general, you should aim for half of your plate to be vegetables, 1/4 complex carbs (whole grains, starchy vegetables), and 1/4 protein. Healthy fats should be incorporated into each meal (avocado, nuts, olive oil, etc), and fruit makes for excellent snacks or dessert. Water intake is imperative for the maintenance of good health and most healthy adults should aim for 2-3L of water daily.

Sleep

It’s not just for beauty! As neuroscientist Matthew Walker says, “There does not seem to be one major organ within the body, or process within the brain, that isn’t optimally enhanced by sleep (and detrimentally impaired when we don’t get enough).” Adequate, quality sleep (7-9 hours per night) is vital for tissue regeneration, and slacking on your sleep can increase your propensity for weight gain, chronic disease, and even cancer. If you are struggling to get a good night’s sleep, our naturopathic doctors would love to help!

At Saskatoon Naturopathic Medicine…

Acupuncture

An effective traditional therapy for many conditions including stress, anxiety, sleep, pain, digestion, and hormonal concerns.

Massage

Our knowledgeable massage therapists offer relaxing and therapeutic massage as well as myofascial release and patient self-care education such as stretching, strengthening and postural awareness.

Somatic Experiencing™

Somatic Experiencing™ is a body-based approach to treating the effects of trauma. Specifically, the symptoms that arise when trauma is held in the body, including chronic or severe pain that does not respond well to medication, headaches, digestive issues, fear, difficulty sleeping, anxiety and depression. Somatic Experiencing™ works with the nervous system and the body’s innate ability to heal and recover from the symptoms of physiological stress. Treatment is gentle, supportive and enhances the effectiveness of the traditional exercise-based physiotherapy and counselling approaches.

Nutritional IV Therapy

IV nutrient therapy is a method of administering water-soluble nutrients (vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and amino acids) directly into the blood stream. When you infuse nutrients intravenously, you bypass the digestive system, and this achieves a higher blood concentration beyond what is orally possible, especially if digestive function is compromised. Great for many conditions as well as health optimization and energy support. (See our website or call the clinic for more details).

Targeted Therapeutics

If you are looking for a comprehensive approach to your self-care, book a consultation with one of our naturopathic doctors who will conduct a thorough assessment of your health and come up with a customized plan just for you! With a variety of treatment modalities and testing options available, a targeted treatment plan can eliminate some of the guess-work and help you reach your self-care goals more quickly.

Written by Jacalyn Sieben ND

Sources:

1. Hansen, M. M., Jones, R., & Tocchini, K. (2017). Shinrin-Yoku (Forest Bathing) and Nature Therapy: A State-of-the-Art Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8), 851. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080851

2. Henssler, J., Stock, F., van Bohemen, J. et al. (2021). Mental health effects of infection containment strategies: quarantine and isolation—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 271, 223–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-020-01196-x

3. Neophytou, E., Manwell, L.A. & Eikelboom, R. (2021). Effects of Excessive Screen Time on Neurodevelopment, Learning, Memory, Mental Health, and Neurodegeneration: a Scoping Review. Int J Ment Health Addiction 19, 724–744. DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00182-2

Seasonal affective disorder & vitamin d

Saskatchewan is known for its long, cold winters. As the temperatures decrease, so do the daylight hours, significantly diminishing the amount of sun we might see each day. To add to that, to avoid the cold, we spend more time indoors and the time we do spend outside has us wrapped from head-to-toe to keep warm. This means less sun exposure and therefore reduced opportunity for us to synthesize vitamin D from its light. For some people, the change in seasons also brings on the “winter blues” also known as Seasonal Affective Disorder (S.A.D.). It is currently thought that a combination of physiologic, psychologic, genetic, and environmental factors play a role in S.A.D., one of them being vitamin D deficiency.

What is seasonal affective disorder?

Also termed “S.A.D.”, Seasonal Affective Disorder is a form of depression that typically occurs in the winter months when our exposure to sunlight is limited. Approximately 2-3% of Canadians will experience S.A.D. at some point and 15% more will experience a milder version of the condition.

There is a natural tendency to slow down in winter compared to the high-energy lifestyles we tend to carry on in summer months. However, if you notice you are feeling particularly low or experiencing the signs & symptoms below, it might be time to consider consulting a healthcare professional for an assessment.

Signs & Symptoms

• Feelings of hopelessness & sadness

• Thoughts of suicide

• Oversleeping

• Cravings for sweet or starchy foods

• Weight gain

• Fatigue/low energy

• Decreased physical activity

• Difficulty concentrating

• Irritability

• Increased sensitivity to social rejection

• Avoidance of social situations

In S.A.D., these signs and symptoms appear and disappear at about the same time each year, and the sad, despairing mood:

• is present most days and lasts most of the day

• lasts for more than two weeks

• impairs performance at work, school or in social relationships

Vitamin D - the sunshine vitamin

Vitamin D, which actually functions more like a hormone, acts on receptors in every tissue in the body including the brain and immune system. As it is a fat-soluble vitamin, we get it through diet from sources such as fatty fish (sardines, salmon, tuna), eggs, and liver; and are also able to synthesize it through our skin when we get sufficient exposure to the sun. As such, vitamin D levels have been shown to fluctuate with exposure to sunlight. Levels tend to decline from fall to winter, and are naturally lower the further north you live from the equator.

Vitamin D has many functions within the body. It is needed for calcium absorption (healthy bones, teeth), healthy immune function, and also has a role in the release of dopamine and serotonin - signalling molecules that, in the brain, are associated with drive, pleasure, and happiness.

So, how much vitamin D do you need?

Health Canada recommends a daily dietary intake of 600-800 IU’s of Vitamin D for adults. However, according to their statistics, most Canadians are not achieving this. While we also know sunlight does provide Vitamin D, here in Saskatchewan, the exposure we get at our northern location is often inadequate, especially in the winter months. Vitamin D levels also decrease with age, skin pigmentation, liver and kidney disease, obesity, certain medications, genetic mutations and other conditions.

How do I know if I’m getting enough vitamin D?

Luckily, there is a test for that! A simple blood test can assess whether you are getting sufficient amounts of vitamin D, or if supplementation may be indicated–or, in some cases, contraindicated. There can be too much of a good thing especially when it comes to supplementation. Vitamin D toxicity related to excessive long-term intake of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia and related symptoms such as confusion, apathy, vomiting, abdominal pain, pathological calcification, increased thirst and increased urination. It is also important to note that everyone metabolizes vitamin D differently, so some people can experience vitamin D toxicity even at lower doses that are considered safe for the general population. It is always recommended to consult a healthcare practitioner before implementing any new health regimen to see if it is right for you, including vitamin D supplementation.

If you are experiencing symptoms of the “winter blues” or are curious about your vitamin D status or other natural approaches to mental health, you are invited to book a consult with myself or one of my colleagues to discuss your healthcare options.

We look forward to working with you!

In health, Jacalyn Sieben, ND

References:

1. CAMH. (2019). Seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Retrieved from: https://www.camh.ca/en/health-info/ mental-illness-and-addiction-index/seasonal-affective-disorder

2. Canadian Mental Health Association, BC Division. (2013). Seasonal affective disorder. Retrieved from: https://cmha.bc.ca/documents/seasonal-affective-disorder-2/

3. Health Canada. (2012). Vitamin d and calcium: Updated dietary reference intakes. Retrieved from: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/healthy-eating/vitamins-minerals/ vitamin-calcium-updated-dietary-reference-intakes-nutrition.html

4. Marcinowska-Suchowierska E, Kupisz-Urbańska M, Łukaszkiewicz J, Płudowski P and Jones G (2018) Vitamin D Toxicity–A Clinical Perspective. Front. Endocrinol. 9:550. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00550

5. Melrose S. (2015). Seasonal Affective Disorder: An Overview of Assessment and Treatment Approaches. Depression research and treatment, 2015, 178564. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/178564

Optimize Your Health During Nutrition Month!

NUTRITION MONTH

March is Nutrition Month! Nutrition is the study of how we, through our diets, get the nutrients we need to live. “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food”, a quote attributed to Hippocrates, is a simple but powerful statement on the importance of our diet. Optimizing nutrition status - making our diets as healthy as possible - is one of the foundational goals in improving our health at every age.

A diet providing all of the nutrients we not only need to live, but need to live healthy lives, is dependent on many factors. We can generalize what a healthy diet looks like for the majority of people, however it is important to be aware of certain factors that can impact an individual’s nutritional requirements. For example, those who are pregnant will have different nutritional requirements than others. Additionally, certain medical conditions, treatments and even some medications can impact proper absorption of nutrients. Optimal nutrition is also a public health issue - for example, low socioeconomic status is associated with poorer nutrition [1] - possibly because it can be difficult to afford or even access healthy foods.

Although the food you eat is one of the most important aspects of nutrition, it is not the only important factor. Nutrition also involves how your food is broken down into nutrients, how well these nutrients are absorbed, how well your body puts these nutrients to use, and finally how well your body eliminates what it no longer needs and protects you from potentially toxic substances. 

How can a Naturopathic Doctor (ND) help optimize your nutrition? NDs have extensive training in nutrition, and can offer a variety of services and assessments to support your individual nutritional needs:

• Lab testing to assess for nutritional deficiencies or conditions associated with nutritional deficiencies

• Education surrounding appropriate diets for your health status and goals

• Expertise on all aspects of digestion, including optimizing the absorption of nutrients and supporting your body’s ability to eliminate waste products

• Assessing your current diet and making recommendations to support an optimal diet

• Addressing obstacles that come up (ie. financial, accessibility, resources) that make it difficult to make healthier changes

• Providing expertise on what nutritional supplements may be helpful for you

Interested in optimizing your nutrition? Book an appointment with one of our Naturopathic Doctors today!

[1] Alkerwi A, Vernier C, Sauvageot N et al. Demographic and socioeconomic disparity in nutrition: application of a novel Correlated Component Regression approach. BMJ Open. 2015; 5(5):e006814.

Omega-3s for Inflammation-Associated Depression

Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs)

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are essential fatty acids, meaning the body cannot make them on its own so they must be obtained through diet. They are both polyunsaturated fatty acids, however, they are found in different foods and have different roles in the body. Omega-3s are found in fish, nuts, seeds, and plant oils, while omega-6s are found in meats, vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and processed foods.

The body requires a balance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids for good health. However, the western diet is abundant in omega-6-rich foods, shifting this balance in some cases by 20:1 or higher. While both beneficial and necessary for the maintenance of good health, omega-3 and omega-6s have opposite effects on inflammatory modulation – the omega-6 pathway being more pro-inflammatory, the omega-3 being more anti-inflammatory.

Inflammation & Depression

Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response within the brain and is a known component of many brain disorders. Rapaport et al., conducted a study exploring whether inflammatory biomarkers might act as measures of clinical response to omega-3 fatty acids – specifically eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid – in subjects with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

The subjects were assessed for their baseline biomarkers of inflammation, as well as the presence and severity of their depressive symptoms using the Hamilton Depression rating scale. They were then randomized to 8 weeks of double-blind treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or placebo. Those given EPA who had high inflammation consistently reported a significant decrease of depressive symptoms by treatment week 8. While also critical to brain function, DHA did not produce the same effect. This difference is possibly explained by the fact that EPA has the ability to dampen the inflammatory response, while DHA does not.

This study highlights the importance of individualized assessment and treatment in mental health, and the value of EPA as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for depression.

Written by Dr. Jacalyn Sieben ND

References:

Kalkman H. O. (2020). The Association Between Vascular Inflammation and Depressive Disorder. Causality, Biomarkers and Targeted Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 13(5), 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph13050092

Rapaport, M. H., Nierenberg, A. A., Schettler, P. J., Kinkead, B., Cardoos, A., Walker, R., & Mischoulon, D. (2016). Inflammation as a predictive biomarker for response to omega-3 fatty acids in major depressive disorder: a proof-of-concept study. Molecular psychiatry, 21(1), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.22

Counselling Team at Saskatoon Naturopathic Medicine

During this anxious and unpredictable time in the world, our counselling team is currently offering video appointments (through Skype, FaceTime or what's app) and telephone appointments, so that we can all stay connected, supported and healthy through social distancing. Bookings can be made with any of the counselors by contacting them directly via email, telephone, or text.

Click on the names below to learn more about our counselors, their availability and contact information.

Iva Anderson BSG, MS (psychology)

Victoria Walton MSW, RSW (SK), SEP

Colleen McBride MSW, RSW (SK), SEP

We encourage you to stay in contact with a few people regularly for your own emotional health, especially if you are quarantined. Thankfully, we live in a world where we have technologies available to help use stay close (virtually) while maintaining a safe physical distance.  

Wishing you all good health and support through this hard time.