Lower Blood Sugar and Cholesterol and Improve Heart Health with Berberine!

BERBERINE AND CARDIOMETABOLIC HEALTH

Berberis Vulgaris (Barberry)

Berberine is a bright yellow-coloured alkaloid compound found in many plants, some of the more common ones including Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal), Berberis vulgaris (barberry), Coptis chinensis (Chinese goldthread), and Berberis aquifolium (Oregon grape). Berberine has been used traditionally to combat inflammatory disorders, infectious diseases, diabetes, digestive disorders and many others, and has demonstrated benefits on blood sugar metabolism, cardiovascular effects, cholesterol and atherosclerosis.

Berberine appears to exert its cardiovascular effects through various mechanisms that play a role in protecting the blood vessels, decreasing inflammation and modulating levels of cholesterol and blood sugar. Berberine has been shown to affect the modulation of an enzyme called adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is responsible for maintaining healthy blood vessels through a variety of different mechanisms, including the regulation of another enzyme, called endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which is responsible for producing nitric oxide in the cell layer lining our blood vessels. Nitric oxide is important in regulating how our blood vessels dilate (which plays a role in our blood pressure), platelet and white blood cell activation and adhesion (which plays a role in the development of arterial plaques), and antioxidant functions (which is important for preventing damage from free radicals like glycated blood sugar, which is prevalent in diabetes). In simpler terms, AMPK and eNOS are important for maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system. When eNOS is not functioning properly, it can contribute to the development of high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol. Berberine has been found to increase the production of nitric oxide through enhancing activity of eNOS [1, 2, 6, 7].

Current research on berberine has been focused on its metabolic and cardiovascular properties. A research study suggested that berberine was shown to decrease levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels, while increasing HDL-cholesterol (which is thought to be protective, or the “good” cholesterol). A meta-analysis demonstrated that the addition of berberine to simvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug, resulted in a greater reduction of triglycerides and total cholesterol, and a reduction in the number of side effects, compared to the use of simvastatin on its own [5].

Berberine also benefits blood sugar levels and reduces body fat mass. A research study on diabetic patients showed that those who were given berberine had a reduction in blood sugar levels and cholesterol levels, and those with metabolic syndrome also experienced a decrease in their body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference [3]. A study on women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a disorder characterized by insulin-insensitivity, obesity and high cholesterol, found that berberine decreased waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, insulin sensitivity and blood sugars and cholesterol levels comparable and/or superior to that of metformin [4].

Berberine is generally well-tolerated, and side effects of usage are usually mild in nature, such as abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, constipation, decreased appetite, and dermatological rashes. Berberine may interfere with certain medications and may not be suitable for everyone. As always, with any natural health product it is important to consult with your naturopathic doctor to see if berberine is safe for you.

References:

[1] Neag M, Mocan A, Echeverria J, et al. Berberine: Botanical Occurrence, Traditional Uses, Extraction Methods, and Relevance in Cardiovascular , Metabolic, Hepatic, and Renal Disorders. Front Pharmacol. 2018; 9:557. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30186157/

[2] Hoffmann D. (2003). Medical Herbalism: The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine. Healing Arts Press.

[3] Pirillo A, Catapano AL. Berberine, a plant alkaloid with lipid- and glucose-lowering properties: from in vitro evidence to clinical studies. Atherosclerosis. 2015; 243(2): 449-61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26520899/

[4] Wei W, Zhao H, Wang A, et al. A clinical study on the short-term effect of berberine in comparison to metformin on the metabolic characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2012; 166(1):99-105. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22019891/

[5] Zhang LS, Zhang JH, Feng R, et al. Efficacy and safety of berberine alone or combined with statins for the treatment of hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Chin Med. 2019; 47(4):751-767. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31094214/

[6] Affuso F, Mercurio V, Fazio V, et al. Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of berberine. World J Cardiol. 2010; 2(4):71-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2999047/

[7] Bagade A, Tumbigeremutt V, Pallavi G. Cardiovascular Effects of Berberine: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Restorative Medicine. 2017; 6: 37-45.

Eating to Prevent Chronic Disease: The Mediterranean Diet

Eating to Prevent Chronic Disease

What is a Mediterranean Diet?

The Mediterranean diet is a diet high in fish, legumes, whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, and olive oil. It is low in high fat meats and dairy products.

If you want to be on a healthy Mediterranean diet you should try eliminating cream, butter, margarine, carbonated and/or sugared beverages, and processed foods such as pastries, industrial bakery products, industrial desserts (puddings, custard), French fries, potato chips, cakes and sweets.

It is a good idea to limit your consumption of cured meats, red meats, and cured and fatty cheeses. When choosing animal products, choose healthy sources (Grass fed, Free range, wild etc) that have minimal contaminates and a good balance of omega-3 and omega 6 fatty acids.

The Mediterranean diet is also characterized by a high intake of b-carotene, B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, polyphenols and a wide variety of phytochemicals that are found in the various plant foods frequently consumed (1).

Research shows adherence to Mediterranean diet is effective in prevention of cardiovascular disease, depression, metabolic syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes. The information to follow summarizes a bit of the research.

Supporting Research

Cardiovascular Disease

The Mediterranean diet has been ranked as the most likely dietary model to provide protection against coronary heart disease. (2)

 In a 2018 study involving persons at high cardiovascular risk, the incidence of major cardiovascular events was lower among those assigned to a Mediterranean diet (Med Diet) supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts than among those assigned to a reduced-fat diet. (3)

• 3 groups studied

o   Low-fat diet

o   Mediterranean Diet with added nuts

o   Mediterranean Diet with added olive oil

• Risk of combined heart attack, stroke and death from cardiovascular disease compared to low-fat diet was reduced by 30% in the Med Diet + Olive Oil and 28% in the Med Diet + Nuts.

Good adherence to a Mediterranean diet resulted in a more favorable health status as reflected by improved cardio vascular disease risk factors, such as lipid profile, blood pressure, and glucose, especially in persons with diabetes and compared with a low-carbohydrate diet. (4)

Higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with lower mean levels of blood pressure after 6 years of follow-up. (4)

Diabetes

Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or mixed nuts has shown to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes by 40% and 18%, respectively, compared with a low-fat control diet. (5)

Depression

High adherence to a Mediterranean diet high in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, lean meats and olive oil was protective for depression at all ages throughout the lifespan. Even moderate adherence to a Mediterranean diet was protective in younger individuals. For older individuals, the research showed that the benefit to mental well-being and depression prevention was only associated with those individuals who adhered to a more strict Mediterranean diet. (6)

A 2017 study examined 56 men and women with major depression who all had a very poor diet containing lots of highly refined foods, very few fruits and vegetables, and few lean types of meats. Implementing a Mediterranean diet that was high in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, lean meats and 3 TBSP of olive oil per day led to 32% of participants no longer meeting the criteria for depression after only 12 weeks! (7)

Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of 3 or more related cardiometabolic risk factors:

• Central obesity (determined by waist circumference)

• Hypertension

• Hypertriglyceridemia

• Low HDL cholesterol levels

• Hyperglycemia.

Research has shown that olive oil supplementation can decrease central obesity and elevated fasting glucose levels. Supplementation with nuts (rather than olive oil) has also been shown to reduce central obesity. (8)

Interested in changing your diet to a Mediterranean Diet? Below is some good information to help you get started!

References