Breast Health: Prevention, Empowerment, and Wellness

Breast health is a vital aspect of overall well-being for women of all ages. Did you know that breast cancer is the second-most diagnosed cancer in Canada and is the second leading cause of death among Canadian women over 50?[i] This October, as we honor Breast Cancer Awareness Month, we want to empower you to take proactive steps towards your breast health – because it’s never too early to start.

At Saskatoon Naturopathic Medicine, we believe in supporting you with an individualized approach looking at the body’s weaknesses and vulnerabilities that may make you susceptible to disease. Through optimizing nutrition, addressing environmental factors, or supporting your body’s natural defenses, we are committed to providing comprehensive care that treats the whole person.

Know the Risk Factors

Several factors can influence your risk of developing breast cancer. Some are within your control, while others – like family history or genetics – are not. Here are some key considerations:

• Nutrition : A balanced diet plays an essential role in reducing risks. Not only can a healthy diet directly improve our health, but it can also positively interact with many other factors involved in health like inflammation, body weight, hormone levels, and our gut microbiome. It is estimated that 30%-50% of cancers can be prevented through dietary changes.[ii] [iii] [iv]

• Exercise and healthy lifestyle: Lack of exercise contributes to obesity, which in itself is a risk factor for breast cancer. In breast cancer patients, physical activity - both before and after the cancer diagnosis - has been associated with a lower risk of disease recurrence and reduced overall cancer-specific mortality compared to their sedentary counterparts. [v]

• Family history and genetics: Understanding your genetic predispositions can guide proactive prevention.

• Environmental toxins: Exposure to harmful chemicals (including alcohol and tobacco) can contribute to increased risk.

• Dense breast tissue: Dense breasts not only elevate cancer risk but also make it difficult for cancerous lesions to be seen on a mammogram.

Being informed about these factors helps you take charge of your health, empowering you to make choices that align with your long-term wellness goals. Naturopathic doctors can break down these risk factors further to help you understand your vulnerabilities and strategize an individualized prevention plan.

Symptoms to Watch For

Breast cancer can manifest in various ways, some of which may be subtle. If you notice any of the following symptoms, it’s important to reach out to your healthcare provider for further evaluation:

• Changes in breast size, shape, or appearance

• New lumps, nodules, or cysts

• Nipple discharge when not breastfeeding

• Redness, pitting, or dimpling of the skin

• Peeling or flaking of the nipple

• Inverted nipples

Understanding Dense Breasts

Breast density[vi] is not about how your breasts look or feel – it is about tissue. Dense breasts have more glandular and fibrous tissue, making it harder for mammograms to detect cancer. However, having dense breasts is quite common, particularly in younger women. As women get older, their breasts typically become fattier and less dense (but this isn’t always the case). It is important to know your breast density so you can understand the risks and complications and make informed screening decisions.[vii]

You can learn more at www.densebreastscanada.ca.       

Screening: Early Detection Saves Lives

Early detection is crucial, and regular screening is an important part of taking care of your breast health. As of January 2025, you will be able to self-refer for a mammogram in Saskatchewan beginning at the age of 40 (currently, the minimum screening age is 50).[viii]

Read that again – you do not need a doctor’s referral to make an appointment for a screening mammogram!

Just call 1-855-584-8228 to book your screening through the Screening Program for Breast Cancer. With screening centres throughout Saskatchewan (including a mobile unit that serves rural and northern Saskatchewan) accessing this potentially life-saving service is available to you.

How We Can Help

We are dedicated to helping you navigate these complex factors, providing tailored recommendations that fit your unique situation. Whether you are seeking prevention or already managing a diagnosis, our collaborative model works alongside conventional approaches to give you the best outcomes. From optimizing your nutrition and lifestyle to helping you understand your risks, we’re here to empower you at every step of your health journey, You deserve to feel confident, supported, and in control of your health.

[i] https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/statistics

[ii] Mentella MC, Scaldaferri F, Ricci C, Gasbarrini A, Miggiano GAD. Cancer and Mediterranean Diet: A Review. Nutrients. 2019; 11(9):2059. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092059

[iii] Monllor-Tormos A, García-Vigara A, Morgan O, García-Pérez MÁ, Mendoza N, Tarín JJ, Cano A. Mediterranean diet for cancer prevention and survivorship. Maturitas. 2023 Dec;178:107841. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107841. Epub 2023 Aug 24. PMID: 37660598.

[iv] Rock CL, Doyle C, Demark-Wahnefried W, Meyerhardt J, Courneya KS, Schwartz AL, Bandera EV, Hamilton KK, Grant B, McCullough M, Byers T, Gansler T. Nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012 Jul-Aug;62(4):243-74. doi: 10.3322/caac.21142. Epub 2012 Apr 26. Erratum in: CA Cancer J Clin. 2013 May;63(3):215. PMID: 22539238.

[v] Moore SC, Lee IM, Weiderpass E, Campbell PT, Sampson JN, Kitahara CM, Keadle SK, Arem H, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Hartge P, Adami HO, Blair CK, Borch KB, Boyd E, Check DP, Fournier A, Freedman ND, Gunter M, Johannson M, Khaw KT, Linet MS, Orsini N, Park Y, Riboli E, Robien K, Schairer C, Sesso H, Spriggs M, Van Dusen R, Wolk A, Matthews CE, Patel AV. Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Risk of 26 Types of Cancer in 1.44 Million Adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Jun 1;176(6):816-25. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1548. PMID: 27183032; PMCID: PMC5812009.

[vi] https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/tests-and-procedures/mammography/breast-density

[vii] https://densebreastscanada.ca/faq/

[viii] https://densebreastscanada.ca/breast-cancer-screening-in-saskatchewan/

Harnessing the Power of Fibre

It is easy to overlook the importance of dietary choices in safeguarding against various ailments. One such silent protector in our diet is fibre, a nutrient with profound implications for our digestive health and, notably, in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is the 4th most diagnosed cancer in Canada[i], and lifestyle factors such as diet can play a significant role in its development.

At Saskatoon Naturopathic Medicine, we practice a comprehensive approach to wellness, and understanding the role of fibre in colorectal cancer is paramount.

What is fibre?

Fibre is the portion from plant-based foods that our bodies cannot fully digest and end up being fermented or broken down by the bacteria that live in our digestive tracts (called the gut microbiome).

The fermentation of fibre by our gut bacteria produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyrate, which is the main source of energy for colon cells.

Why is fibre important?

Fibre helps move substances through our GI system, thereby facilitating the elimination of carcinogenic substances. Additionally, the SCFAs (including butyrate) have anti-inflammatory, immune-modulating, and anti-carcinogenic effects on the cells of our colon and help slow the growth of colon cancer cells.

Gut Dysbiosis

Our diet plays an important role in balancing the bacterial populations that make up our gut microbiome. Diets that are higher in fibre help to promote bacteria that produce butyrate and reduce inflammation. Diets low in fibre can lead to gut dysbiosis (a decrease in the beneficial bacteria and an increase in bacteria that promote inflammation).

We believe in empowering our patients with actionable steps to optimize their health. Here are some practical tips for incorporating more fibre into your diet:

• Embrace whole foods over refined, highly-processed options.

• Load up on produce, aiming for a colorful variety to maximize your nutrient intake.

• Snack smart to curb cravings and boost fibre intake throughout the day.

• Experiment with legumes in soups, salads, and stews.

Great sources of fibre for fermentation, butyrate production, and promoting microbiome diversity include soluble fibres such as:

Beta-glucans – oats, barley, sorghum, rye, mushrooms

Pectins – Apples, oranges, apricots, white beans, black beans

Inulin – Agave, artichokes, asparagus, bananas, chicory root, garlic, onions, leeks, wheat

A diet rich in a variety of dietary sources of fibre is beneficial for health – it helps substances move through the gut, balances sugar and cholesterol levels, and promotes a healthy gut microbiome. Aim for 30 grams of fibre per day from foods including grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts and seeds.

We stand committed to guiding you on your journey to vibrant health, one fibre-filled meal at a time.

[i] https://www.colorectalcancercanada.com/colorectal-cancer/statistics/

Sources:

Fratila, T. D., Ismaiel, A., & Dumitrascu, D. L. (2023). Microbiome modulation in the prevention and management of colorectal cancer: A systematic review of clinical interventions. Medicine and Pharmacy Reports, 96(2), 131–145. https://doi.org/10.15386/mpr-2526

Madrigal-Matute, J., & Bañón-Escandell, S. (2023). Colorectal Cancer and Microbiota Modulation for Clinical Use. A Systematic Review. Nutrition and Cancer, 75(1), 123–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2022.2108468

Rinninella, E., Mele, M. C., Cintoni, M., Raoul, P., Ianiro, G., Salerno, L., Pozzo, C., Bria, E., Muscaritoli, M., Molfino, A., & Gasbarrini, A. (2020). The Facts about Food after Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients, 12(8), 2345. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082345

Holscher, H. D. (2017). Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota. Gut Microbes, 8(2), 172–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2017.1290756

Bashir, K. M. I., & Choi, J.-S. (2017). Clinical and Physiological Perspectives of β-Glucans: The Past, Present, and Future. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(9), 1906. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18091906

Ross, J. K., English, C., & Perlmutter, C. A. (1985). Dietary fiber constituents of selected fruits and vegetables. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 85(9), 1111–1116.

Tosif, M. M., Najda, A., Bains, A., Kaushik, R., Dhull, S. B., Chawla, P., & Walasek-Janusz, M. (2021). A Comprehensive Review on Plant-Derived Mucilage: Characterization, Functional Properties, Applications, and Its Utilization for Nanocarrier Fabrication. Polymers, 13(7), 1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071066

Dhingra, D., Michael, M., Rajput, H., & Patil, R. T. (2012). Dietary fibre in foods: A review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 49(3), 255–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0365-5

Physical Activity for Prostate Cancer - HIIT it up!

Physical activity is one of the many ways in which we can optimize our health before, during and after cancer treatment. Prostate cancer patients undergoing active surveillance can benefit from optimizing their physical activity levels (missed our post on active surveillance? Check it out here)

The Canadian research study Exercise During Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer (ERASE) trial looked at how exercise during active surveillance in men with prostate cancer influenced their cardiorespiratory fitness [1]. Prostate cancer patients on active surveillance who did a supervised high intensity interval training (HIIT) three times per week for 12 weeks had improved cardiorespiratory fitness levels and reduced PSA levels compared to the control group (prostate cancer patients on active surveillance who did not do the HIIT training) [1]. Although we don’t know the long-term effects of this training, other studies have suggested that improving fitness levels can provide benefits in heart health and weight management and may reduce side effects associated with prostate cancer treatment [2-5].

Quick ways to incorporate more physical activity into your day:

• Take the stairs instead of the elevator/escalator

• Add daily walks on your own or with family/friends

• Get up from your work desk every 20 minutes for a quick stretch and stroll, or get a standing desk

• Do household chores such as snow shovelling, raking the leaves, mowing the lawn, gardening, vacuuming and others

• Dance!

• Enroll in leisurely sporting teams or engage in sports such as golf, tennis or others with friends or family

Talk to your doctor to make sure any high intensity types of exercises are safe for you. 

References:

[1] Kang, D.-W., Fairey, A. S., Boulé, N. G., Field, C. J., Wharton, S. A., & Courneya, K. S. (2021). Effects of Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Biochemical Progression in Men With Localized Prostate Cancer Under Active Surveillance: The ERASE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncology, 7(10), 1487. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.3067

[2] Kim, S. H., Seong, D. H., Yoon, S. M., Choi, Y. D., Choi, E., Song, Y., & Song, H. (2018). The Effect on Bone Outcomes of Home-based Exercise Intervention for Prostate Cancer Survivors Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Cancer Nursing, 41(5), 379–388. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0000000000000530

[3] Galvão, D. A., Taaffe, D. R., Spry, N., Cormie, P., Joseph, D., Chambers, S. K., Chee, R., Peddle-McIntyre, C. J., Hart, N. H., Baumann, F. T., Denham, J., Baker, M., & Newton, R. U. (2018). Exercise Preserves Physical Function in Prostate Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 50(3), 393–399. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001454

[4] Bourke, L., Smith, D., Steed, L., Hooper, R., Carter, A., Catto, J., Albertsen, P. C., Tombal, B., Payne, H. A., & Rosario, D. J. (2016). Exercise for Men with Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. European Urology, 69(4), 693–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2015.10.047

[5] Keilani, M., Hasenoehrl, T., Baumann, L., Ristl, R., Schwarz, M., Marhold, M., Sedghi Komandj, T., & Crevenna, R. (2017). Effects of resistance exercise in prostate cancer patients: A meta-analysis. Supportive Care in Cancer: Official Journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 25(9), 2953–2968. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-017-3771-z

Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer - How Naturopathic Medicine can help?

Prostate cancers have certain features or qualities that allow clinicians to “grade” or classify the cancer as less aggressive or more aggressive - specifically, they are given a label of risk. There are five different risk groups: very low, low, intermediate, high, and very high. Patients with prostate cancers that are very low and low risk, and in some cases intermediate risk, are usually recommended active surveillance [1].

What is active surveillance?

Many prostate cancers tend to be slow-growing, but they can be diagnosed very quickly with the use of laboratory tests and procedures. Unfortunately, what can happen with a quick diagnosis of a slower-growing cancer is a tendency to over-treat patients. Research has suggested that the outcomes of immediately treating very low to low risk prostate cancer patients are similar to implementing an active surveillance approach; also, treating prostate cancers earlier than necessary can lead to unwanted negative side effects, such as urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction [2]. Therefore, in an effort to avoid over-treatment, active surveillance has been recommended as the first line for patients with very low and low risk prostate cancer.

Active surveillance involves regular monitoring for cancer progression, through regular testing procedures and visits with an oncologist. When there is a sign of progression is usually when various treatments are implemented. For some individuals, this can be anywhere from months to years [3].

So what can I do during active surveillance?

Understandably, it can be overwhelming and stressful for patients to be given the recommendation of active surveillance; patients often feel anxious about waiting for disease progression or delaying treatment. 

During active surveillance, there are many ways to support your health, and naturopathic medicine can help by:

• Optimizing physical activity levels for improving health and fitness

• Taking a close look at your diet, ensuring you meet optimal nutritional requirements and individualizing dietary recommendations to meet your health goals and reduce risk factors for cancer

• Analyzing environmental risk factors and making recommendations to decrease or eliminate various environmental toxins that can increase risk for cancer

• Using targeted laboratory testing to identify levels of important nutrients, as well as assessing levels of inflammation, assessing immune function and cardiovascular health

• Optimizing lifestyle factors and reducing stress levels

Remember, don’t hesitate to talk to your doctor or oncologist about the pros and cons of active surveillance and what is the best treatment option for you. 

If you are wondering about how naturopathic medicine can help you, call us at 306-664-2150!

References:

[1] Kang, D.-W., Fairey, A. S., Boulé, N. G., Field, C. J., Wharton, S. A., & Courneya, K. S. (2021). Effects of Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Biochemical Progression in Men With Localized Prostate Cancer Under Active Surveillance: The ERASE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncology, 7(10), 1487. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.3067

[2] Romero-Otero, J., García-Gómez, B., Duarte-Ojeda, J. M., Rodríguez-Antolín, A., Vilaseca, A., Carlsson, S. V., & Touijer, K. A. (2016). Active surveillance for prostate cancer. International Journal of Urology: Official Journal of the Japanese Urological Association, 23(3), 211–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.13016

[3] National Comprehensive Cancer Network. (2021). Prostate cancer (version 1.2022). Retrieved from https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/prostate.pdf.

October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month

October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month! 

How can naturopathic medicine support you? No matter where you are on your breast cancer journey, from prevention to survivorship and everything in between, naturopathic medicine can be a useful integrative tool to support your health through:

• Evidence-based dietary recommendations for cancer prevention, during cancer treatments, and to reduce risk of recurrence

• Assessment of risk factors for breast cancer and recommendations to eliminate or reduce the impact of these factors on your health

• Stress reduction supports, including lifestyle recommendations, acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and botanical/nutritional supports

• Laboratory testing and monitoring of important lab values

• Education and advocacy - naturopathic doctors (NDs) take the time to provide education and resources to patients, and can help to bridge a relationship between your conventional care team and your naturopathic team

• Support during conventional care - evidence-based naturopathic recommendations to help safely manage side effects and maintain optimal health during conventional treatments - your ND is knowledgeable on interactions between conventional agents and natural supports

If you are interested in learning about our approach to integrative cancer care and what supports we offer, call us at 306-664-2150 to set up a call for us to answer your questions!

Movement is Medicine - It's never too late to start if you have (or had) Breast Cancer!

The Importance of Physical Activity in Breast Cancer Patients

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends 150 minutes (about 2.5 hours) of moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity per week for adults, which has been shown to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes and depression, can improve bone health, and reduce all-cause mortality [1, 2]. Additionally, regular physical activity has also been demonstrated to support breast cancer patients before diagnosis, during treatment and in survivorship.

IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BEFORE DIAGNOSIS

Research has shown that women who were physical activity before being diagnosed with breast cancer had decreased mortality from breast cancer and all-causes compared to women who were not physically active before diagnosis [4, 6]. One of these studies also found that women who were sedentary (not physically active) before diagnosis but started exercising after diagnosis had a 45% lower risk of death from breast cancer compared to women who were not physically-active before or after diagnosis [6]. This impact was achieved just by engaging in brisk walking 2-3 hours per week!

EXERCISE DURING CANCER TREATMENT IS SAFE AND EFFECTIVE

One study looked at how exercise impacts the health of patients with stage II+ breast cancer. They found that engaging in exercise was safe for these patients, and was associated with improvements in quality of life, fitness level, fatigue, strength, mental health, and weight [3]. Another study conducted on breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy found that more intense exercise regimens (50-60 minutes 3 times per week) were slightly better than moderate-intensity exercise regimens (25-30 minutes 3 times per week) in improving pain, hot flashes, and strength, however both regimens were effective in managing side effects from chemotherapy [5].

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AFTER TREATMENT IS STILL BENEFICIAL

Research on breast cancer survivors has also shown benefit. One study found that breast cancer survivors who practiced 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week had a 27% decrease in all-cause mortality (ie. dying from any cause) and a 25% decrease in breast cancer mortality, compared to women who had lower levels of physical activity [2].

MOVEMENT IS MEDICINE

So, what does this mean? It’s never too late to increase your levels of physical activity! No matter where you are on your health journey, physical activity appears to benefit health by reducing risk of dying from cancer and other causes and improving side effects during treatments. As always, talk to your doctor to make sure you are engaging in physical activity that is safe for you!

WHAT CAN I DO TO INCREASE MY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS?

There are a number of ways to increase physical activity and movement in your daily schedule! An easy way to remember the difference between moderate-intensity and vigorous intensity exercising is talking and singing - at a moderate level of intensity, you can talk but would find it difficult to sing; at vigorous-intensity, it would be difficult to talk. Here’s a few ideas:

• Take the stairs instead of the elevator

• Walk or bicycle to work, or walk the kids to school

• Go for walks before or after work, or during the day

• Take up a sport or hobby that involves movement, like dancing, tennis, swimming

• Raking the leaves, shovelling snow, gardening

• Yoga, tai chi and Qigong

• Household chores like vacuuming, mopping

• Our favourite at Saskatoon Naturopathic Medicine: 15 minute at-home dance session - just turn on your favourite song and dance!

References:

[1] https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/physical-activity-recommendations-18-64years.pdf

[2] Beasley, J. M., Kwan, M. L., Chen, W. Y., Weltzien, E. K., Kroenke, C. H., Lu, W., Nechuta, S. J., Cadmus-Bertram, L., Patterson, R. E., Sternfeld, B., Shu, X.-O., Pierce, J. P., & Caan, B. J. (2012). Meeting the physical activity guidelines and survival after breast cancer: Findings from the after breast cancer pooling project. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 131(2), 637–643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-011-1770-1

[3] Singh, B., Spence, R. R., Steele, M. L., Sandler, C. X., Peake, J. M., & Hayes, S. C. (2018). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Safety, Feasibility, and Effect of Exercise in Women With Stage II+ Breast Cancer. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 99(12), 2621–2636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.03.026

[4] Lahart, I. M., Metsios, G. S., Nevill, A. M., & Carmichael, A. R. (2015). Physical activity, risk of death and recurrence in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Acta Oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden), 54(5), 635–654. https://doi.org/10.3109/0284186X.2014.998275

[5] Courneya, K. S., McKenzie, D. C., Mackey, J. R., Gelmon, K., Friedenreich, C. M., Yasui, Y., Reid, R. D., Cook, D., Jespersen, D., Proulx, C., Dolan, L. B., Forbes, C. C., Wooding, E., Trinh, L., & Segal, R. J. (2013). Effects of exercise dose and type during breast cancer chemotherapy: Multicenter randomized trial. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 105(23), 1821–1832. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djt297

[6] ​​Irwin, M. L., Smith, A. W., McTiernan, A., Ballard-Barbash, R., Cronin, K., Gilliland, F. D., Baumgartner, R. N., Baumgartner, K. B., & Bernstein, L. (2008). Influence of pre- and postdiagnosis physical activity on mortality in breast cancer survivors: The health, eating, activity, and lifestyle study. Journal of Clinical Oncology: Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 26(24), 3958–3964. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.15.9822

REDUCE YOUR CANCER RISK!

CANCER PREVENTION

Prevention is the action of stopping something from happening. We often focus on how to support a person who has already been diagnosed with a health condition, however a big focus on health should be ways in which we can prevent the condition from occurring in the first place. Although cancers can develop for many reasons outside our control, there are many factors which we can change (called modifiable factors), which may alter our risk for developing cancer and other chronic diseases. By addressing these modifiable factors, we can focus on prevention.

As you can see from the table above, there are a number of influencing factors that we have the ability to change. In this article, we will briefly touch on some of these modifiable factors and how they impact our health with respect to cancer prevention, and how naturopathic medicine can help!

Diet

Although the information isn’t very clear regarding the impact our diet has on the risk of developing cancer, there are a few associations that have been found between certain dietary factors and cancer risk, according to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research [1-4]:

• Eating whole grains and high fiber foods (such as fruit, vegetables and legumes) is associated with a protective effect against developing colorectal cancer

• Diets high in “fast foods” or processed foods (which are typically higher in trans/saturated fats, salt and sugar) are associated with increased risk of developing obesity, which is associated with increased risk of cancer

• Higher intakes of red and processed meat are associated with an increased risk in developing colorectal cancer

• High intake of sugar, including in beverages such as soda pop, can contribute to overweight/obesity, which is a risk factor for developing many cancers

Eating a diet high in fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains, healthy fats and lean proteins, and limited intake of processed foods and sugar is a great step toward cancer prevention, as well as prevention of other health conditions like obesity. At Saskatoon Naturopathic Medicine, we work with patients to develop an individualized diet plan addressing these risk factors and recommend healthier alternatives.

Physical Activity

Being physically active is associated with a reduced risk of developing colorectal, breast and uterine cancer, and also helps prevent excess weight gain and obesity.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that adults should be physically active most days of the week, for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week. Some examples of moderate-intensity exercise include shovelling snow, jogging, swimming, bicycling, and dancing. By incorporating more physical activity into our week, we are also reducing the amount of time we spend sitting (called sedentary activity), which on its own is a risk factor for developing other conditions like obesity [5].

Toxic Exposures and Lifestyle Factors

Toxic exposures refers to exposures of substances that have the potential to cause harm in high amounts. Exposures can occur through our occupation, the environment (ie. pollution, contaminated water, etc), our diet, and even the hygiene and cosmetic products we use every day (ie. deodorants, perfumes, etc). For example, there are chemicals known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which can interfere with our own hormonal (endocrine) system, and can result in an increased risk of developing hormone-associated cancers such as breast cancer. EDCs can be found in plastics, shampoos and other cosmetics, pesticides and others [6].

Two other important toxic exposures to discuss are cigarette smoking and alcohol intake, both of which are strongly associated with increased risk of developing cancer. At Saskatoon Naturopathic Medicine, we assess what exposures to toxic substances you may have been or are currently exposed to, and offer recommendations and tools to help reduce exposures and support the body’s own ability to naturally detoxify.

For more information about reducing your exposures to environmental risk factors, check out this webpage by the Canadian Cancer Society: https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/reduce-your-risk/know-your-environment.

Immune Health and Stress

In addition to decreasing the risk of infection, our immune system plays an important role in the development of cancer. A type of white blood cell, called a natural killer (NK) cell, is one of the main immune cells responsible for recognizing cancer cells and preventing them from growing and moving to other areas in the body [7]. Some factors that play a role in how well our immune system functions are adequate sleep, a healthy diet, physical activity levels, sources of inflammation, nutrient deficiencies, and stress levels. It is important to look at any reasons why our immune system may not be functioning optimally, and address these factors to support our health.

The impact of stress on cancer development is still unclear, however there are indirect associations with stress on risk of developing cancer. As mentioned above, stress can impact how well our immune system functions, and can also impact our sleep quality. There are ways in which we can reduce the impact stress has on our health, including meditation, yoga or other restorative exercises, acupuncture, journaling and counselling. Naturopathic Doctors are trained in acupuncture, and are knowledgeable in many stress supports including lifestyle modifications and nutrients/botanicals to manage the body’s stress responses.

There are many ways in which we can make healthier changes to help in the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer and others like cardiovascular disease and obesity. At Saskatoon Naturopathic Medicine, our Naturopathic Doctors are well-trained in assessing the overall health of patients and identifying where support may be needed. Prevention of disease is not commonly discussed, however it is one of the guiding principles of naturopathic medicine [8] and vital to our overall health.

References:

[1] https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/eat-wholegrains-vegetables-fruit-and-beans/

[2] https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/limit-fast-foods/

[3] https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/limit-red-and-processed-meat/

[4] https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/limit-sugar-sweetened-drinks/

[5] https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/be-physically-active/

[6] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731339/

[7] https://molecular-cancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12943-020-01238-x

[8] https://aanmc.org/6-principles/

ABCDEs FOR MELANOMA

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer and is the seventh most common cancer in Canadians. Risk factors associated with development of melanoma include ultraviolet (UV) exposure from the sun, indoor tanning, having lots of moles (also called nevi) or strange-looking moles, having fair skin, having a family history of skin cancer, some genetic conditions, and having a weakened immune system.

One way in which you can be proactive in at-home screening for melanoma is by taking a look at your moles using the ABCDE rule (see below). Changes in size, shape, colour and other characteristics of a mole are some of the first warning signs of melanoma. The ABCDE rule is helpful for remembering which signs to look out for:

Asymmetry: The shape of one half of the mole is different from the other.

Border: The edges of the mole are ragged, notched, blurred, uneven or poorly defined.

Colour: Colours, which can be brown, black, grey, pink, tan, red, white or bluish vary within the mole.

Diameter: The mole is larger than 6 mm (bigger than the size of a pencil eraser) or has grown in size.

Evolution: The mole is changing in size, colour, shape, texture, or looks different from surrounding moles.

If you have a mole that has any of these characteristics, you should see your family doctor and get it tested.

Written by Dr. Dana Kolenich ND

References:

[1]https://www.cancer.ca/~/media/cancer.ca/CW/cancer%20information/cancer%20101/Canadian%20cancer%20statistics/Canadian-Cancer-Statistics-2019-EN.pdf?la=en

[2] https://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0115/p161.html

[3] Parmar, G., Kaczor, T., & Boudreau, E. (2020). Textbook of naturopathic oncology: A desktop guide of integrative cancer care. Medicatrix Holdings Ltd.

Mistletoe and Cancer Care - It does more than spark a kiss!

Mistletoe and Cancer Care - It does more than spark a kiss!

A plant commonly associated with the holidays, Viscum album, also known as mistletoe, is a natural therapy used often in integrative cancer care. Mistletoe is a semi-parasitic plant that grows on a variety of trees from which it obtains its nutrients. It contains a variety of compounds, the most commonly studied of which are lectins, that have been shown to stimulate the immune system and have anti-cancer effects. Cell studies on mistletoe extracts have demonstrated inhibition of cancer cell growth [3] and increase in immune function parameters, including natural killer cells, which are white blood cells responsible for the destruction of tumor cells [4, 5].

Mistletoe is primarily administered as a subcutaneous injection, and commonly used alongside chemotherapy, radiation therapy and/or other conventional treatments in countries such as Switzerland, Germany, and Austria to improve quality of life and manage side effects associated with treatments in patients with cancer [2]. 

Numerous studies have been conducted on the therapeutic use of mistletoe. One of the best methodologically-designed studies was conducted on mistletoe in advanced pancreatic cancer patients, which suggested that patients in the mistletoe treatment group had longer overall survival times compared to those in the control group [6]. The majority of research on mistletoe suggests it supports quality of life in cancer patients and decreases severity and frequency of treatment-related side effects [8, 9]. Mistletoe is generally well-tolerated and safe to use alongside various common chemotherapeutic agents [7].

To learn more about mistletoe therapy, contact us and/or book an appointment with Dr. Dana Kolenich ND!

[1] Pelzer F, Tröger W. Complementary treatment with mistletoe extracts during chemotherapy: safety, neutropenia, fever, and quality of life assessed in a randomized study. J Altern Complement Med. 2018; 24(9-10):954-961. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30247950/

[2] Melzer J, Iten F, Hostanska K et al. Efficacy and safety of mistletoe preparations (Viscum album) for patients with cancer diseases. A systematic review. Forsch Komplementmed. 2009; 16(4):217-226. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19729932/

[3] Eggenschwiler J, von Balthazar L, Stritt B, et al. Mistletoe lectin is not the only cytotoxic component in fermented preparations of Viscum album from white fir (Abies pectinata). BMC Complement Altern Med. 2007; 7:14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17493268/

[4] Büssing A, Rosenberger A, Stumpf C et al. Development of lymphocyte subsets in tumor patients after subcutaneous administration of mistletoe extracts. Forsch Komplementmed. 1999; 6(4):196-204. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10529579/

[5] Beuth J, Ko HL, Gabius HJ, et al. Behaviour of lymphocyte subsets and expression of activation markers in response to immunotherapy with galactoside-specific lectin from mistletoe in breast cancer patients. Clin Investig. 1992; 70(8):658-61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1392440/

[6] Viscum album [L.] extract in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer: a randomised clinical trial on overall survival. Eur J Cancer. 2013; 49(18):3788-97. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23890767/

[7] Weissenstein U, Kunz M, Urech K et al. Interaction of standardized mistletoe (Viscum album) extracts with chemotherapeutic drugs regarding cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in vitro. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014; 14:6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24397864/

[8] Beuth J, Schneider B, Schierholz JM. Impact of complementary treatment of breast cancer patients with standardized mistletoe extract during aftercare: a controlled multicenter comparative epidemiological cohort study. Anticancer Res. 2008; 28(1B):523-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18383896/ 
[9] Tröger W, Galun D, Reif M, et al. Quality of life of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer during treatment with mistletoe: a randomized controlled trial. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2014; 111(29-30):493-502. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25142075/

Modifiable Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer

November is Prostate Cancer Awareness Month.

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Canadian men [1].

Starting at age 50, men are screened for prostate cancer regularly via a digital rectal examination (DRE). A DRE may also be done if men (regardless of age) experience urinary symptoms such as urgency, frequency, incontinence, dribbling, weak flow, pain on urination, blood in the urine, and/or other symptoms such as erectile dysfunction, painful ejaculation, swollen lymph nodes, chronic low back or pelvic pain, and weight loss. Laboratory testing of PSA (prostate-specific antigen) can also be used during the screening process and is used to monitor cancer progression; however, PSA is not specific to prostate cancer and can also be high due to benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostate infection and/or inflammation.

If any of the above screening measures are abnormal, a transrectal-guided biopsy of the prostate gland is conducted, and is the standard method of diagnosing prostate cancer. The results of the biopsy, as well as the PSA levels, will be used to determine the stage of disease, which is then used to determine monitoring/treatments.

Prostate cancer, unlike the majority of other cancers common in North America, tends to be slow-growing, with a high five-year survival rate (97.8%) [2]. Patient with low-risk disease are usually recommended to undergo ‘active surveillance’, which is monitoring of changes in symptoms and laboratory markers for cancer progression (ie. PSA, DRE) every 6-12 months before any treatment is recommended. This can be an incredibly stressful time for many, however there are various ways in which patients can take an active role in promoting beneficial changes to their health.

One of the ways in which people can promote healthy changes is understanding modifiable risk factors - these are various factors that influence the risk of developing prostate cancer that can be changed, unlike non-modifiable risk factors (such as age) [3, 4, 5]. Some risk factors for prostate cancer include:

Non-modifiable

• Age (risk of prostate cancer increases as we age)

• Having a first-degree family member with prostate cancer (ie. a father or a brother)

• Ethnicity - black men are more commonly affected compared to white, Hispanic and Asian men

• Various genetic mutations

• Chemical exposures (e.g. Agent Orange)

• A history of sexually transmitted infections

Modifiable

• Being overweight or obese

• A diet high in red meat and saturated fat

• Lack of physical activity/exercise

• Low blood levels of vitamin D3

• Smoking

How can we modify our risk factors? Here’s a few examples:

Exercise: A 2015 study found that men with localized prostate cancer who engaged in walking/bicycling for at least 20 minutes per day had lower overall mortality rates compared to men who were less physically active [6].

Diet: A 2014 study on more than 47000 men found that there was a 22% lower risk of overall mortality in men who ate a Mediterranean-style diet after their prostate cancer diagnosis [7].

Naturopathic medicine can be a useful addition to a person’s health care regimen. Naturopathic doctors (NDs) are well-trained to optimize diet, lifestyle, and nutritional status and implement evidence-based therapies that support overall health and emphasize disease prevention. NDs help guide patients toward making healthy changes and reducing their risk factors for disease.

Book a consultation today to find out how naturopathic medicine can support you!

Written by Dr. Dana Kolenich ND

References:

[1] Canadian Cancer Statistics 2019

[2] https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/prost.html

[3] http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-professionals/clinical-resources/cancer-management-guidelines/genitourinary/prostate#Low-Risk

[4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470550/

[5] https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/prostate-cancer

[6] https://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/24/1/57

[7] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23962747/